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5/13/2003 11:57:00 PM | Timothy

'24' and the 25th amendment

In the past two weeks, I have tired of watching 'Smallville' on the WB and have switched to Fox's show '24' during the same time slot. What struck me about tonight's episode is how it answered two of the concerns that Jeff Cooper wrote about last week's episode:
With two episodes remaining in the season, things are coming to a head on 24 . Following the detonation of a nuclear bomb on American soil, the US is about to unleash a devastating attack on "three middle eastern countries" (never named, for obvious reasons). The three middle eastern countries are targeted based on an audio recording of officials from the three countries discussing the nuclear attack with a known terrorist. Our hero, counterterrorism agent Jack Bauer (Kiefer Sutherland), has found the man who forged the audio recording (so cleverly that the FBI's experts were fooled). Now he must bring that man in within an hour or so before the tragically misdirected US attack takes place and war breaks out. Meanwhile, deposed President David Palmer ...
Wait a minute. Deposed president? Yes, in last week's episode, Palmer's vice president and cabinet removed him from office pursuant to the 25th Amendment, on the ground that he was no longer fit to exercise his authority as president. The evidence of his unfitness: principally, his unwillingness to order the military strike, based on Bauer's assurance that--experts' analysis to the contrary notwithstanding--the audio recording was a fake.
Go here to read the text of the 25th amendment and more of Cooper's analysis of '24'. (via the mightly Matthew Yglesias). Cooper thought '24' did not show how the 25th amendment could 'properly be invoked':
On reading the amendment, it's virtually impossible to see how it could properly be invoked in a situation like the 24 storyline. By its terms, the amendment seems to contemplate a situation like that of Woodrow Wilson following his stroke: a president who, because of physical or mental illness or infirmity, is unable to meet the demands and obligations of the executive office. It's virtually inconceivable that it could be invoked over what is, in essence, a policy dispute--even if, as the generals in the show insist, any delay would ultimately cost the lives of 20,000 American soldiers.
Maybe it's implausible that the cabinet 'would' invoke the 25th amendment, but I don't see how it is implausible that they 'could'. Political actors can invoke the constitution in 'improper' ways, as Democrats saw during the impeachment of Bill Clinton. This does not lessen the plausibility of a television show, if the television show gets the technicalites of the amendment right. And in this week's episode, there was a vague allusion to how the deposed President Palmer would have future appeals, but a mention of how it would take a while (and indeed, Congress cannot act immediately to reverse the decision). Cooper also last week attacked another implausibility with '24', again answered by this week's episode:
Part of me, I know, is just fighting the hypothetical; I should simply climb aboard and enjoy the ride. The show, after all, is rife with implausibilities--to take the most obvious example, within the last 14 hours Jack Bauer has survived a plane crash (in which a metal beam impaled his leg) and been tortured literally to death (a doctor was able to restart his heart after a minute or two), and yet here he is, running around, fully alert and seemingly at full strength, only a few hours later. Why should I focus on the constitutional issue?
Well, during tonight's episode of '24', Jack Bauer is absolutely hurting, ending with him driving a car off the side off the side of the road due to heart problems. So the show seems to have answered Cooper's concerns by making Bauer's health problems a central plot twist this week, even if it ignored them earlier. But in his post last week, Jeff Cooper continued on to worry about the "constitutional" implausibility of the story:
Still, the constitutional implausibility bothered me last week and continued to nag at me last night. What Iowa law professor Tung Yin found intriguing last week, I find at least a bit disturbing. There's enough misunderstanding among the public of how our fundamental charter operates as it is. The only way to salvage the legal implausibility is with another implausibility: a revelation that the vice president and a substantial portion of the cabinet were in on the bomb plot. Fans of 24: you do understand that this isn't how the Constitution works, right?
Cooper gives us other reasons why it would have been politically implausible that the cabinet would invoke the 25th amendment. But if they did choose to, the scenario in '24' seems plausible, or rather I don't see why this means the writers of '24' don't understand the constitution. The implausibility isn't in the legality of the cabinet being able to remove the president, but in the political implausibility of them actually deciding to do so. I fear this is a 'political question' such that judges will not likely review it. So it will depend on how political actors interpret the constitution. In other words, it's largely a question of politics, given extreme circumstances. I think any implausibility lies with the telling of those political circumstances in the story and the motivations of the political actors. It may be improper to invoke the 25th amendment for reasons other than physical inability and the like, as was done in '24', but the constitution's vagueness on what is 'improper' means that such a nightmare scenerio is indeed possible. In fictional form, I think it is fair that '24' warns its viewers that the constitution could indeed work this way. I'm no expert on legal theory, but I'd suggest that maybe Cooper should have said 'politics' where he says 'the Constitution' here: "Fans of 24: you do understand that this isn't how the Constitution works, right?"

P.S. Why the heck was it heroic in Air Force One for the Vice President (played by Glenn Close) not to invoke the 25th amendment when the President (played by Harrison Ford) was on a plane hijacked by terrorists? Close's character should not have placed Ford's in the role of choosing between his family and national security.
P.S. Why didn't Bauer just freaking go on CNN, announce that the recording is a fake, and tell the world the President had wrongfully been deposed? (Or get to President's estranged wife to do so?) That's the solution in Stephen King's 'Firestarter'.... the media! Heck, Bauer could have emailed drudge or even blogged it himself. Like the deposed President Palmer, who could have told the Turkish Prime Minister he was no longer in control, maybe Bauer has some loyalty to established apparatus of the U.S. government and is not willing to stop the war at all costs.



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